你是我最苦涩的等待
让我欢喜又害怕未来
你最爱说你是一颗尘埃
偶而会恶作剧的飘进我眼里
宁愿我哭泣不让我爱你
你就真的像尘埃消失在风里
-----
你是我最痛苦的抉择
为何你从不放弃飘泊
海对你是那么难分难舍
你总是带回满口袋的砂给我
难得来看我却又离开我
让那手中泻落的砂像泪水流
风吹来的砂落在悲伤的眼里
谁都看出我在等你
风吹来的砂堆积在心里
是谁也擦不去的痕迹
风吹来的砂穿过所有的记忆
谁都知道我在想你
风吹来的砂冥冥在哭泣
难道早就预言了要分离

 

法语试题答案

04年1-5bbcdb,6-10abdcb,11-15cabda,16-20aadba

        21-25dbadb,26-30cadaa,31-35dccaa,36-40caccd

        41-45bdadc,46-50bacac,51-55cadbc,56-60ddcda

03年1-5adbab,6-10ddadc,11-15dbaca,16-20bbdda

         21-25cdbab,26-30bbcba,31-35dcdcd,36-40daaad

         41-45cbaad,46-50cbacd,51-55cadcd,56-60cabbd

02 年 1-5 cddab,6-10adccd,11-15cbbbb,16-20addba

          21-25abacb,26-30dcbbc,31-35aaaca,36-40abcca

          41-45adbab,46-50dbbda

还有一个 FTP 网址 不错 ftp://211.64.129.208/publi.

 

     Recently I did nothing but stay on the internet and chat and enjoy Friends. It seems I have never been so idle before.

Nuclear arms control

Jan 18th 2006
From Economist.com

The world's avowed nuclear powers are America, Russia, China, France, Britain and, since 1998, India and Pakistan. Israel too has the bomb, but does not talk of it. Late in the cold war and several times since, Russia and America have cut their huge arsenals in treaties, though both retain enough warheads to wipe out humanity.

Now in the spotlight are the potential spread of weapons-grade nuclear materials and know-how to rogue states like Iran and North Korea; Russia’s leaky nuclear security; and non-state nuclear terrorism. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has been the cornerstone of anti-proliferation efforts. But it is faltering and in need of aid: Israel, India and Pakistan never signed the treaty, North Korea withdrew from it completely and terrorists could not care less. George Bush has seen fit to undermine the treaty of late, in pursuit of closer relations with India. Iran, which has signed the NPT, shook the nuclear establishment in January 2006 by ending its voluntary, two-year suspension of its uranium-enrichment programme, which is thought to be mere cover for building a bomb.

The anti-proliferation effort got a brief boost in December 2003 when Libya renounced its efforts to make a bomb. It was soon discovered that a Pakistani scientist had been selling secrets to Libya, North Korea and Iran. Perhaps the greatest international priority ought to be the control and disposal of highly enriched uranium, which can be used to make bombs easily and with which Russia is awash.

Nuclear arms control

Jan 18th 2006
From Economist.com

The world's avowed nuclear powers are America, Russia, China, France, Britain and, since 1998, India and Pakistan. Israel too has the bomb, but does not talk of it. Late in the cold war and several times since, Russia and America have cut their huge arsenals in treaties, though both retain enough warheads to wipe out humanity.

Now in the spotlight are the potential spread of weapons-grade nuclear materials and know-how to rogue states like Iran and North Korea; Russia’s leaky nuclear security; and non-state nuclear terrorism. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has been the cornerstone of anti-proliferation efforts. But it is faltering and in need of aid: Israel, India and Pakistan never signed the treaty, North Korea withdrew from it completely and terrorists could not care less. George Bush has seen fit to undermine the treaty of late, in pursuit of closer relations with India. Iran, which has signed the NPT, shook the nuclear establishment in January 2006 by ending its voluntary, two-year suspension of its uranium-enrichment programme, which is thought to be mere cover for building a bomb.

The anti-proliferation effort got a brief boost in December 2003 when Libya renounced its efforts to make a bomb. It was soon discovered that a Pakistani scientist had been selling secrets to Libya, North Korea and Iran. Perhaps the greatest international priority ought to be the control and disposal of highly enriched uranium, which can be used to make bombs easily and with which Russia is awash.

Nuclear arms control

Jan 18th 2006
From Economist.com

The world's avowed nuclear powers are America, Russia, China, France, Britain and, since 1998, India and Pakistan. Israel too has the bomb, but does not talk of it. Late in the cold war and several times since, Russia and America have cut their huge arsenals in treaties, though both retain enough warheads to wipe out humanity.

Now in the spotlight are the potential spread of weapons-grade nuclear materials and know-how to rogue states like Iran and North Korea; Russia’s leaky nuclear security; and non-state nuclear terrorism. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has been the cornerstone of anti-proliferation efforts. But it is faltering and in need of aid: Israel, India and Pakistan never signed the treaty, North Korea withdrew from it completely and terrorists could not care less. George Bush has seen fit to undermine the treaty of late, in pursuit of closer relations with India. Iran, which has signed the NPT, shook the nuclear establishment in January 2006 by ending its voluntary, two-year suspension of its uranium-enrichment programme, which is thought to be mere cover for building a bomb.

The anti-proliferation effort got a brief boost in December 2003 when Libya renounced its efforts to make a bomb. It was soon discovered that a Pakistani scientist had been selling secrets to Libya, North Korea and Iran. Perhaps the greatest international priority ought to be the control and disposal of highly enriched uranium, which can be used to make bombs easily and with which Russia is awash.

没考上，来说说自己的感觉：）

Business this week

Mar 2nd 2006
From The Economist print edition

The French government came under intense criticism for its hastily arranged plan to merge Gaz de France, a state-owned utility, with Suez, a Franco-Belgian power and water company. The government's move (which will privatise GDF) is designed to protect Suez from a potential hostile bid by Enel, an Italian electricity firm. France's announcement came soon after Spain took regulatory measures to protect Endesa from a hostile bid by Germany's E.ON, and prompted the European Union to warn its members that a rise in economic nationalism could threaten the European single market. See article

National Grid, a British energy company, confirmed it would buy KeySpan, a gas and electricity distributor in America's north-east. The deal, worth $11.8 billion including debt, is one of the largest acquisitions by a European firm in the United States and will create the country's third-biggest utility. The takeover is subject to regulatory approval.

Arcelor continued to fight Mittal Steel's hostile takeover bid by delivering a “strong commitment” to increase returns to shareholders over the next three years. Mittal maintained that its combination with the Luxembourg-based steelmaker would be superior and create better value. Nevertheless, it dampened speculation that it will increase its euro18.6 billion ($23 billion) offer in order to win a deal.

After months of negotiation, which saw two of its lower bids rejected, Nippon Sheet Glass, based in Japan, said it would buy Pilkington, Britain's biggest glassmaker, in a deal valued at around £2.9 billion ($5 billion). The news marks the end of the independent existence of Pilkington, which was founded in 1826. Some analysts wondered if Nippon had bitten off more than it could chew by acquiring a firm twice its size.

The board of South Korea's largest tobacco and ginseng company, KT&G, rejected a $10 billion takeover bid from a group of investors led by Carl Icahn. Mr Icahn's offer, which may yet be put to tender, is viewed as a test case against which future bids for large domestic firms will be measured; the Korean government has said it will look at toughening takeover regulations. See article

NTP and Research in Motion continued the war of words in their patent dispute, which threatens to shut BlackBerry services in the United States. Both companies issued ill-tempered statements accusing each other of misconstruing arguments in the case, in which RIM, maker of wireless e-mail devices, has been found to have infringed NTP's patents. On February 24th the judge admonished both sides for failing to reach a settlement, but delayed a decision to shut BlackBerry down.

Comments made by Google's chief financial officer on the limits to the firm's growth caused jittery investors to wipe 7% off its share price on February 28th. George Reyes said that Google's fortunes would now also depend on other services, as growth was slowing in its paid-search advertising, which now accounts for virtually all its sales.

Vodafone, the world's largest mobile operator, announced that it would write down the value of its assets by up to £28 billion ($49 billion), most of it goodwill stemming from the company's £101 billion takeover of Mannesmann in 2000. Vodafone also lowered its sales and profit forecasts, putting more pressure on Arun Sarin, its chief executive.

Northwest Airlines continued negotiations with its pilots over pay and working practices. Earlier, the pilots authorised their union to call for strike action if the company attempted to impose “onerous working conditions” as part of a turnaround plan to leave bankruptcy protection. Meanwhile, the carrier reported that it had made a loss of $2.6 billion last year.

Bowing to pressure from senior managers in the company, Japan Airlines announced that Toshiyuki Shinmachi is to step down as chief executive in June. The carrier has been plagued by a series of safety scares lately that has seen passengers flock to its main rival and contributed towards poor quarterly results.

Sony will sell a controlling stake in five of its retailing businesses to Nikko Principal Investments. The move is seen as an initial step in the company's divestment strategy, unveiled last year, of its non-core electronics businesses.

The euro area's indicator of economic sentiment (which surveys executives and consumers) reached a five-year high, driven by a positive outlook in the industrial sector. Some analysts think the measure, coupled with a sharp drop in January's core inflation rate, confirms that economic recovery is well under way in the region. See article

Politics this week

In the wake of last week's bombing of the Iraqi Shias' Askariya shrine, a wave of sectarian reprisals ensued, mainly against Sunni Arabs, raising fears that the country might tip into wholesale civil war. Despite a four-day curfew and the deployment of American and Iraqi troops, the communal strife continued, leaving at least 500 civilians dead; some morgue officials put the toll at more than 1,300. See article

The Palestinians'caretaker government welcomed the European Union's offer of euro120m ($140m) in emergency aid to keep it going. The money will be channelled to aid projects and to pay energy bills. The EU and America are still discussing whether to stop payments after Hamas forms a government.

Iran and Russia failed to agree on a Russian proposal to enrich uranium for Iran on Russian soil; the Iranians refused to agree to stop all uranium enrichment at home. Iran requested last-minute talks with Britain, France and Germany, ahead of a board meeting next week of the IAEA, the UN's nuclear guardian.

Authorities in Saudi Arabia foiled an attack on the country's largest oil refinery, at Abqaiq, killing four al-Qaeda terrorists. Later, a police raid killed the man the Saudis said was al-Qaeda's leader in the kingdom. Jordan said it had thwarted an al-Qaeda plan to attack “a vital civilian facility” in Amman.

For the first time in three years, Côte d'Ivoire's president, Laurent Gbagbo, and Guillaume Soro, leader of the main northern rebel group, held talks on Ivorian soil, raising hopes that the divided country may not again descend into outright civil war.

Uganda's incumbent president, Yoweri Museveni, was re-elected by a wide margin over his nearest rival. Kizza Besigye promised to challenge the result, alleging that many of his supporters were prevented from casting their vote. See article

Masked gunmen, believed to be police, made a night raid on the independent-minded Kenya Television Network. Other gunmen burned copies at the printing press of the Standard newspaper, part of the same group, which has been investigating shenanigans surrounding Kenya's president, Mwai Kibaki.

 

A Council of Europe report on alleged illegal detentions and renditions of terrorist suspects at secret airports or on flights operated by the Central Intelligence Agency found no evidence that the Americans had broken any laws. But it added that Europe was a “happy hunting ground” where foreign spies could operate with no domestic supervision.

Russia's president, Vladimir Putin, visited Hungary and the Czech Republic. He took a soft tone with his hosts, seeming partly to apologise for actions by the Soviet Union, but also to make up for recent squabbles over energy supplies. See article

The prime minister of Kosovo, Bajram Kosumi, resigned after less than a year in office. He had been widely criticised as ineffective. Talks about the ultimate status of the Serbian province continue in Vienna.

Ken Livingstone, London's Labour mayor, had his suspension from office stayed by the High Court. He was due to begin a four-week enforced holiday on March 1st for comparing a local journalist, who is Jewish, to a guard in a concentration camp. Mr Livingstone refuses to apologise, insisting that he was merely following his usual method for handling the press.

 

Portia Simpson Miller is due to become Jamaica's first female prime minister after being elected president of the ruling People's National Party. This made her automatically eligible to succeed P. J. Patterson, the island's leader for the past 14 years, when he steps down, probably next month.

Honduras's new president, Manuel Zelaya, declared a state of emergency in the country's health-care system, which is facing a shortage of medicines. He entered office in January promising to make poverty a top priority.

Uruguay became the first South American country to bring in a ban on smoking in bars, restaurants, offices and other enclosed public places.

 

The Bush administration said it would take another look at the security issues surrounding the sale of operations in six American ports to DP World, which is based in Dubai. Congressional leaders said they would wait for the outcome of the 45-day review before taking any action to block the deal. Separately, an opinion poll for CBS showed George Bush's approval rating at a new low of 34%. See article

Reuters

Six months after Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans held its annual Mardi Gras celebration, which was somewhat muted. Meanwhile, a video emerged that showed federal officials warning Mr Bush of the risk to the city shortly before the disaster. See article

Cardinal Roger Mahony, leader of the Los Angeles archdiocese, said Catholic priests would defy any legislation from Congress requiring churches to check the legal status of immigrants to whom they give assistance. Denouncing anti-immigrant sentiment as “hysterical”, the cardinal called for a humane reform of immigration policy.

 

President Bush arrived in India at the start of a state visit and announced a deal on the transfer of American nuclear technology to India. America's Congress will want to look at the details. On his way, Mr Bush paid a surprise visit to Afghanistan, where he met Hamid Karzai at the presidential palace. See article

AP

Taiwan's president, Chen Shui-bian, announced the termination of a body supposed to be negotiating reunification with the mainland. China's response (it warned of “disaster”) was relatively restrained. See article

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the Philippines' president, ordered a review of the country's security situation after claiming to have uncovered a coup plot to topple her. Mrs Arroyo declared a state of emergency in the country on February 24th, but pledges to give up her emergency powers as soon as possible.

Thailand's prime minister, Thaksin Shinawatra, called a general election, which the opposition said it would boycott, after weeks of demonstrations against him. Protestors set a deadline for him to resign. See article

 

Translators have invented alphabets, helped build languages and written dictionaries. They have contributed to the emergence of national literatures, the dissemination of knowledge and the spread of religions. Importers of foreign cultural values and key players at some of the great moments of history, translators and interpreters have played a determining role in the development of their societies and have been fundamental to the unfolding of intellectual property.

United States: The land of leisure; Work and play

Why Americans have plenty of time to read this

AS MOST Americans will tell you if you can stop them long enough to ask, working people in the United States are as busy as ever. Sure, technology and competition are boosting the economy; but nearly everyone thinks they have increased the demands on people at home and in the workplace. But is the overworked American a creature of myth?

A pair of economists have looked closely at how Americans actually spend their time. Mark Aguiar (at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston) and Erik Hurst (at the University of Chicago's Graduate School of Business) constructed four different measures of leisure.* The narrowest includes only activities that nearly everyone considers relaxing or fun; the broadest counts anything that is not related to a paying job, housework or errands as "leisure". No matter how the two economists slice the data, Americans seem to have much more free time than before.

Over the past four decades, depending on which of their measures one uses, the amount of time that working-age Americans are devoting to leisure activities has risen by 4-8 hours a week. (For somebody working 40 hours a week, that is equivalent to 5-10 weeks of extra holiday a year.) Nearly every category of American has more spare time: single or married, with or without children, both men and women. The only twist is that less educated (and thus poorer) Americans have done relatively better than more educated ones (see chart overleaf). And that is not just because unemployed high-school drop-outs have more free time on their hands. Less educated Americans with jobs--the overstretched middle class of political lore--do very well.

These findings will no doubt be scoffed at by many Americans who are certain that they, and nearly everyone they know, are overworked (and who may find time to write letters to the editor saying so). Indeed, a 1992 book by Juliet Schor, "The Overworked American", became a best-seller by telling people something that they thought they already knew.

In fact, most of the official numbers have shown that American toil has not changed that much over the past few decades. Americans may put in longer hours at the office than other countries, but that is because average hours in the workplace in other rich countries have dropped sharply. In America, official studies tend to show women working more and men less, but the average working week has been fairly constant.

How then have Messrs Aguiar and Hurst uncovered a more relaxed America, where leisure has actually increased? It is partly to do with the definition of work, and partly to do with the data they base their research upon.

Most American labour studies rely on well-known official surveys, such as those collected by the Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS) and the Census Bureau, that concentrate on paid work. These are good at gleaning trends in factories and offices, but they give only a murky impression of how Americans use the rest of their time.

Messrs Aguiar and Hurst think that the hours spent at your employer's are too narrow a definition of work. Americans also spend lots of time shopping, cooking, running errands and keeping house. These chores are among the main reasons why people say they are so overstretched (especially working women with children).

However, Messrs Aguiar and Hurst show that Americans actually spend much less time doing them than they did 40 years ago. There has been a revolution in the household economy. Appliances, home delivery, the internet, 24-hour shopping, and more varied and affordable domestic services have increased flexibility and freed up people's time.

So women are devoting more hours to paying jobs, but have cut their housework and other burdensome tasks by twice as much. Men have picked up some of the slack at home; but thanks to technology and other advances, there is plenty of free time left over for them as well, since they have yielded some of their paid working hours to women.

The data for Messrs Aguiar and Hurst's study comes from time-use diaries that American social scientists have been collecting methodically, once a decade, since 1965 (the latest one used in their paper was from 2003). These diaries ask people to give detailed information on everything they did the day before, and for how long they did it. The beauty of such surveys, which are also collected in Australia and many European countries, is that they cover the whole day (not just the time at work), and they also have a built-in accuracy check, since they must always add up to 24 hours a day.

Time-use diaries have long been a treasure trove for sociologists. (John Robinson, who helped oversee the diary surveys for years at the University of Maryland, co-wrote a book in 1997, "Time for Life", that aimed partly to rebut Ms Schor's claims.) But economists in America have only recently begun paying much attention to them. The BLS started using them in 2003.

Keep reading...you have a moment

Do the numbers add up? One thing missing in Messrs Aguiar's and Hurst's work is that they have deliberately ignored the biggest leisure-gainers in the population--the growing number of retired folk. The two economists excluded anyone who has reached 65 years old, as well as anyone under that age who retired early. So America's true leisure boom is even bigger than their estimate.

Another question-mark has to do with child care. When the BLS took over the time-use diaries for the 2003 survey, it changed the measures for what parents do when their kids are around. That cast some doubt on comparisons between the 1993 and 2003 diaries. Against that, the 1965-93 figures are consistent--and over that period, even working women with children enjoyed an increase in leisure time of more than six hours a week.

The biggest theoretical problem with time diaries is "multi-tasking". Do you measure the time you spend cleaning your house while listening to portable music as "leisure" or "work"? This problem may be exaggerated: usually people seem to combine two work activities (using a laptop computer on a plane), or two leisure ones (watching television and doing something else). The two economists counted many combinations of work and leisure--such as reading a novel while commuting or goofing off on the internet at the office--as time spent working.

Richard Freeman, a labour economist at Harvard, reckons that, despite the inability to measure multi-tasking, the finding of a big increase in leisure is "basically right". Another well-known work-watcher, Daniel Hamermesh at the University of Texas at Austin, who has worked with various countries' time-use diaries, agrees.

Is all this leisure a good thing? Some part-time workers might well wish they had less leisure and more income. For most Americans, however, the leisure dividend appears to be a bonus. Using average hourly wages after tax, Steven Davis, a colleague of Mr Hurst's, reckons that the national value of five extra hours of leisure per week is $570 billion, or $3,300 per worker, every year.

But why do Americans feel so harried? Weirdly, prosperity may be to blame in two ways. First, thanks to rising real incomes, an American's time is worth more now. A walk in the park is more expensive than it used to be. (When people complain to him about being too busy, Mr Hamermesh tells them that their real problem is too much money.) Second, economic advances allow people to squeeze ever more possible activities, both work and leisure, into a day, which encourages people to try to do too much.

Mr Robinson reckons that people will feel less busy to the extent that they can control their schedule and gain flexibility. It is easy to see why a personal video recorder, which offers near-total mastery of the television, is such a popular device; and why traffic jams and security queues at airports exasperate modern workers.

Finally, there is the changing nature of work. Mobile phones and e-mail make people accountable on short notice, and competition may make them less secure in their jobs. So even if they are playing golf or walking in the park, they may feel as if they are working. It is surely nicer to feel overworked in the park than to be overworked at the office, but few Americans seem to look at it that way. Think about that in your spare time.

* "Measuring trends in leisure: the allocation of time over five decades", Federal Reserve Bank of Boston working paper, January 2006

早就听说，北外是中国外语第一名校，但很久以来都没勇气去考，因为我本科专业是工商管理，学英语只是作为兴趣。

 

我在上海读书，这边流行考口译证书，我就考了一个上海市的中级口译证书和高级口译证书，这两个证书给了我考北外的勇气。

 

有一天发现了这个论坛，是雷姐不厌其烦介绍的学习方法给我指明了道路，省去不少摸索，还有那么多坚持不懈的考研者，他们的决心和毅力使我感动。

 

于是06年第一次开始尝试考北外，考的是笔译。

 

真正开始复习是05年暑期的7月份，所以只有6个月时间，但我还是决定挑战一下自我。不懂日语，就从第一本《标日》开始啃，暑期两个月就把四本书粗看了一遍，但看往年试卷上的日语题，还是一点都不懂。至于英语，也不知看什么，就把《新概念》三和四每日诵读，这就是我两个月所做的事了。

 

开学后，又看往年试卷，发现还是有很多单词，短语不认识，于是就背GRE高频词汇，这一背就用了两个月，其间还要上工商管理的课，必修选修共十二门，都没时间做阅读和翻译练习，后来我才知道这样是失策的，因为在06年这次考试中，不认识的单词倒不多，可阅读和翻译速度太慢了。

 

还剩两个月了，政治还没背，日语还是看不懂，有种绝望的感觉，但还是决定拼一下。所以这两个月几乎都花在日语上了，反复看日语二级的200个句型和那四本标日，期间还要考自己专业的期末考试，写毕业论文开题报告，快忙死了。

 

一月来了，才开始背政治，就背政治冲刺班发的讲义，还有那本《西方翻译理论精选》来不及看了，就把奈达的那章看了一下，到考试那两天还在背政治和翻译理论，13，14号的晚上都背到2点钟。

 

考试前几天，也很绝望，感觉自己考不上，但还是不想做懦弱的逃兵，晚自习回寝室的黑夜里，眼泪不争气地流下来，想想自己还是吃过一些苦的，真不想让努力就这么白费啊。

考基英时，花了半小时看了第一篇阅读理解，发现是多选，很不确定，想想时间花在这上再多也不保证能做对，再说分值只有50，于是就先做翻译，做好后只剩45分钟做阅读了，心很慌，基本瞎选，全做了多选，感觉50分能拿十分就不错了。

 

下午考笔译，英翻中还凑活，古文就看不懂了，翻了一半，决定先做后面的，写两个essay, 竟然还有用中文写一篇读后感这样的题目！反正填满就是了，英文文章是谈谈对文学翻译的理解，就把奈达理论堆砌一番。做完这些也就差不多时间到了。

 

考完就感觉希望不大，这次查分，政治62，日语67，我觉得照我那水平也就算正常了，基英87，笔译75，总分291。英语两门还是差了点儿。

 

考笔译太难了，特别是古文，我想这次考试就把它当把尺子，量量自己的底吧，07年再考！

 

和我有相同感受的朋友欢迎你们也谈谈自己的想法，我们互相鼓励！

 

你们说我继续努力能实现我的北外梦想吗？

 

这是我第一次在这论坛上发帖，我最想说的一句话就是：我们都应该感谢雷姐，她给了每个来论坛的人很多很多的帮助！

 

     又一次考研的失败, 我却异常的平静.